Putting a board on the internet
Forwarding a port is the step that turns a board on your desk into a board anyone can call. It is one setting on your router, and it is the setting with the most consequences, so this page is blunt about what it does before it tells you how.
**Read this first. You are opening a door in your own network, and you are
the only person responsible for what comes through it.** Nobody here can see
your network, your router, or what else is on it. If you do not understand
what a port is, stop and read until you do. If the network belongs to your
employer, your landlord, your university or your parents, ask them first.
What you are actually doing
Your router blocks unsolicited traffic from the internet by default. That default is the single largest thing protecting the devices in your house: printers, cameras, NAS boxes, a television, anything that was built by somebody in a hurry and has not been updated since.
A port forward makes one exception to it. You are telling the router: traffic arriving on this port is expected, send it to this machine. Done correctly, exactly one program on exactly one device becomes reachable. Done carelessly, you can expose something you never meant to.
The specific risks
Telnet is plain text. This is a BBS, and the protocol has no encryption.
Every password typed by every caller crosses the open internet in the clear,
and anybody positioned between a caller and your board can read all of it.
That is a property of the protocol, not a bug in this software, and it was
true of every board in 1985 too. Tell your callers, and never reuse a
password on a telnet board.
- You will be scanned within minutes. Every address on the internet is swept continuously by automated scanners. This is normal and not personal, but it means an open port is found almost immediately.
- Your address becomes public. A listing on a directory publishes it deliberately, and that address is roughly where you live. If that matters to you, host the board somewhere else.
- A bug in this software becomes a bug on the internet. It is written carefully and tested, and it is still a program on a chip written by hobbyists. Forwarding a port means trusting it with strangers.
- Forward one port, not a range, and never DMZ. A DMZ setting forwards everything to one device. Do not use it for this.
- Your ISP may not allow it. Plenty of residential terms of service prohibit running a server. That is between you and them.
Two things that will stop it working
Before blaming the router, check these. Between them they account for most failures, and the second one cannot be fixed by any setting at all.
- Double NAT. If your router's WAN address is itself private, starting
192.168.,10.or172.16-172.31, there is a second router upstream, usually an ISP box. The forward has to exist on the outermost device, or the ISP box has to be put in bridge mode. - CGNAT. If your WAN address falls in
100.64.0.0to100.127.255.255, or simply does not match what an external "what is my IP" service reports, your ISP is sharing one public address among many customers. No router setting will ever make an inbound port work. Common on mobile and some fibre plans. Your options are asking the ISP for a public address, IPv6, or an outbound tunnel.
Also worth knowing: these rules are IPv4 only on effectively all consumer routers. IPv6 is handled separately, usually as a firewall rule rather than a forward, because there is no address translation to undo.
Pick your router
- NETGEAR - Nighthawk and R-series, routerlogin.net
- TP-Link - Archer series and Deco mesh
- ASUS - RT-AX and RT-AC on ASUSWRT
- Xfinity / Comcast - xFi gateways, XB6 through XB8
- eero and Google Nest Wifi - the app-only mesh systems
Menu names move between firmware versions, and vendors rename things without warning. Where a vendor does not document something, these pages say so rather than guessing, because a confidently wrong menu path wastes more of your time than an honest gap.
A safer way to try it first
You do not have to open anything to run a board. On your own network it works immediately, and callers on the same wifi can dial it by address or by unleashed.local with any terminal program. If you want people outside to reach it without opening a port, a VPN into your own network, or a tunnel from a machine you rent, both work and neither puts your address on a scanner's list.
Forward the port when you have decided you want a public board, not to find out whether the software works.